But this is unsafe and can damage other things. Maybe there should be an option in a config file, with a list of modules that should be loaded/unloaded? This should be general question (how to remove module, when kernel does not know about it), not specific to my module, but I do not know whether it is possible to answer without knowing the specific case I am in.
Error: Module *** is in use_module is in use_sherlock-wang-CSDN sudo rmmod usbserial rmmod: ERROR . Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. The harm to the kernel is already done, so it is better to reboot the system. By joining our community you will have the ability to post topics, receive our newsletter, use the advanced search, subscribe to threads and access many other special features. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 105400 Aug 19 15:35 nvme-core.ko ,linux0,4G,x64inux4G??? To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Learn more about Teams -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1421 Aug 19 14:25 Kconfig @arafey I will feedback how this works on ASUS K55VM, @arafey @petter3k @AlexLevkovich Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. ARMV6V7LDREXSTREXSWP,swpSTREX, : Please post the output of the last two commands in your original post. Ubuntu and the circle of friends logo are trade marks of Canonical Limited and are used under licence. $sudo rmmod axpu_ldd_kc rmmod: ERROR: Module axpu_ldd_kc is in use $sudo insmod axpu_ldd_kc.ko insmod: ERROR: could not insert module axpu_ldd_kc.ko: File exists Isn't there any commands to remove the kernel module and insert anew? Well occasionally send you account related emails.
Module '"@tanstack/router"' has no exported member 'RouterProvider Using indicator constraint with two variables. */, /* Store the name of the last unloaded module for diagnostic purposes */, /* If it's not unused, quit unless we're forcing. Ubuntu 11.10 nvidia module failed to load (no module exists), Nvidia Driver Install Error - "Kernel module failed to build. Yes, the problem should be caused by this NVMe opertating system disk.
922187 - rmmod confused by built-ins - Red Hat What sort of strategies would a medieval military use against a fantasy giant? $ sudo rmmod isgx rmmod: ERROR: Module isgx is in use $ sudo rmmod -f isgx rmmod: ERROR: ../libkmod/libkmod-module.c:793 kmod_module_remove_module () could not remove 'isgx': Resource temporarily unavailable rmmod: ERROR: could not remove module isgx: Resource temporarily (maybe I'm wrong). The interesting thing of the output below is the lsmod: qla2xxx is being used by 45 things but none are listed. Issue with FTDI USB-Serial chip. It is good that the module isn't loaded.
XRT driver is not able to install - Xilinx Support Please fell free to. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. , , exit , mod->exit() (exit), . , . Thanks for your response. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? You could try other commands like: @tanriol If there is a working one, sure. @Lekensteyn Maybe I'm doing something wrong but it doesn't work for me What I have to do to switch off the Nvidia card: Full dmesg log when I launch primusrun glxspheres64 then I use the previous commands: @NerosTie I tried this but without success.
Anyone get Catalyst / radeon driver working in CentOS 7? - Page 3 - CentOS drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Aug 19 14:25 .. To permanently disable a Kernel module from loading at boot-time, create a .conf file with any name inside the /etc/modprobe.d. Gentoo Linux
Can not rmmod the pru_rproc.ko module? - Processors forum - Processors Loading new xrt-2.11.634 DKMS files. How to notate a grace note at the start of a bar with lilypond? -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 50469 Aug 19 15:35 .core.o.cmd
[SOLVED] Can't remove a module - LinuxQuestions.org Previous Next 1, , bug. Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site.
exit , exit , exit , force_rmmod kerneloops createoops, exit force_replace_exit_module_function . The rmmod command is used to remove a module from the kernel. What sort of strategies would a medieval military use against a fantasy giant?
Any other modules which depend upon this module will cease to function. x11-misc/bumblebee-3.2.1. How to remove kernel module if it's still in use? rmmod: ERROR: Module xocl is not currently loaded. What Is the Difference Between 'Man' And 'Son of Man' in Num 23:19? This specifies a prefix character (for example ' _ ') to ignore. remove nvidia rmmod nvidia_modeset nvidia -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 447 Aug 19 15:35 .nvme-core.ko.cmd I separated the modprobe -r nvidia_modeset statement from the modprobe -r "driver" statement for nouveau and non nvidia_modeset systems. CentOS 6 GCC 4.4.7 CentOS 7 GCC 4.8.5 GCC GCC 5 6 GCC -D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0 MellanoxMFT1. My bad.. Additional info: I know rmmod is the low-level tool and users should be using modprobe -r (or just not messing with this in the first place.. :) but knowledge of modprobe to load and rmmod to unload seems much more widespread among admins and the current behaviour looks at first like a kernel bug (if you didn't realise that there are paths . Korea. 1 Answer Sorted by: 0 modprobe --remove-dependencies -f btbcm should remove the dependencies. . We can see our code working in Node, but not Jest when testing is due to Node supporting ESM from versions from v16+. , , kerneloops 0. Do I need a thermal expansion tank if I already have a pressure tank? I'm trying to connect to an FTDI USB-Serial chip using their ftd2xx library. service libvirtd stop. -D just lists the dependencies of btbcm, not the modules using it.
rmmod error - LinuxQuestions.org exit , exit, . sudo tee /proc/acpi/bbswitch <<< OFF. "After the incident", I started to be more careful not to trip over things.
Hi: - Intel Communities sudo modprobe -r nvidia-drm modprobe: FATAL: Module nvidia_drm is in use. However we don't want it to be. rmmod is a simple program which removes (unloads) a module from the Linux kernel. Invoking DKMS common.postinst for xrt. I can no longer remove the nouveau module manually with rmmod nouveau or modprobe -r nouveau it complains that the nouveau module is still in use. Share Improve this answer Follow answered Apr 16, 2021 at 13:26 PiedPiper 892 1 6 18 What do I need to do to find all services using my module ? Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. @FadeMind How do you know the GPU is still running? -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20512 Aug 19 15:35 lightnvm.o - Dams Apr 16, 2021 at 13:30
rmmodLKMrmmod - Linux( Now, when I have reacted to comment from the link to add printk to init function (as a kind of "debuging" option), I needed to first remove the old module.
Unloading module nvidia-drm in use on Ubutnu 20.10 #1075 - GitHub Why are physically impossible and logically impossible concepts considered separate in terms of probability? By using our site, you I am insufficiently knowledgeable to incorporate these fixes into an update. Could this (m.2 intel ssd) cause someone to use nvme? @Lekensteyn, may it make sense to ship the required udev (modprobe?) To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Generally, most Linux users are using the modprobe -r command instead of rmmod. I have one m.2 intel nvme ssd and four u.2 samsung nvme kv ssds. for any questions please contact as at webmaster@unixcop.com. Disconnect between goals and daily tasksIs it me, or the industry? The nature of simulating nature: A Q&A with IBM Quantum researcher Dr. Jamie We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup, Announcement: AI-generated content is now permanently banned on Ask Ubuntu, "Module nvidia is in use" but there are no processes running on the GPU. Staging Ground Beta 1 Recap, and Reviewers needed for Beta 2, Command not found error in Bash variable assignment. With over 10 pre-installed distros to choose from, the worry-free installation life is here! Remove the kernel module ac97_bus. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 408 Aug 19 14:25 Makefile
470360 - failure to unload infiniband modules - Red Hat 0000737: Bumblebeed service error: rmmod: ERROR: Module nvidia is in @AlexLevkovich Bumblebee must be patched itself or this is a packager's job? Replacing broken pins/legs on a DIP IC package. Why? It only takes a minute to sign up. How to call exported kernel module functions from another module? The nature of simulating nature: A Q&A with IBM Quantum researcher Dr. Jamie We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. */, /* FIXME: if (force), slam module count damn the torpedoes */, /* If it has an init func, it must have an exit func to unload */, /* Stop the machine so refcounts can't move and disable module.
Linux Depmod Command Help and Examples - Computer Hope rmmod: ERROR: Module nvidia is in use by: nvidia_modeset The github bumblebee issues webpage 0000762 describes some code fixes for this issue. This will prevent the open-source nouveau NVIDIA driver from being loaded . Is it possible to create a concave light?
kernel - rmmod: ERROR: Module nvidia is in use - Ask Ubuntu How do I get xocl loaded? rmmod: ERROR: Module xocl is not currently loaded Registration is quick, simple and absolutely free. (), (, , ), .
[Fixed] SyntaxError Cannot Use Import Statement Outside a Module */. Welcome to the Linux Foundation Forum! rmmod ERROR: Module export is in use struct module { enum module_state state; /* Reference counts */ struct module_ref ref [NR_CPUS]; } enum module_state { MODULE_STATE_LIVE, MODULE_STATE_COMING, MODULE_STATE_GOING, }; rmmod command in Linux system is used to remove a module from the kernel. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2536 Aug 19 15:35 nvme-core.mod.o You are currently viewing LQ as a guest. If your module has caused "Killed" for an application, then you are unlikely be able to remove such module. @Lekensteyn Can You share code of udev rule for manage this issue? You only need to give it the name of a module that you want to unload, and it will remove it. Follow Up: struct sockaddr storage initialization by network format-string, How do you get out of a corner when plotting yourself into a corner, Does there exist a square root of Euler-Lagrange equations of a field?
<Provider/> react-redux giving an import module error in next.js As of Linux Processor SDK v3.1.0.6 (linux 4.4.19), both PRU subsystems in the AM437x device are supported (and can be loaded) by the Linux driver (pru_rproc). BIOS CX4PXE Disable driver/module loaded by the Kernel while booting, Inserting a linux module on TI OMAP 3530 for older file system. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA.
How to Use rmmod Command in Linux - Saint surprisingly also does not work for bumblebee automatic disabling, the modules remain loaded. * @name -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 102208 Aug 19 15:35 core.o Nevertheless, does the module in use means being in the /lib/modules dir that modprobe refers? Not the answer you're looking for? "Ok, so the scull is in use, but is not in modules dir?" If you preorder a special airline meal (e.g. After successful compilation I tried to install the kernel driver using ./re_insmod.sh. rmmod: ERROR: Module nvme is in use Join our community today! * if "ERROR: rmmod: ERROR: Module dvb_usb_rtl28xxu is not currently loaded" is seen on the fr24 screen during start Keep watching and Post more of the logs. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. What is the purpose of this D-shaped ring at the base of the tongue on my hiking boots? vegan) just to try it, does this inconvenience the caterers and staff? The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: Hi mkbahk,
Receiver is online but not sending any data - Flightradar24 Forum How do you ensure that a red herring doesn't violate Chekhov's gun? -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 54424 Aug 19 15:35 pci.o So the proper fix for this and nvidia-uvm is to ship an accurate udev/modprobe rule with Bumblebee and/or the driver. (Factorization). -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 191 Aug 19 15:35 modules.order What video game is Charlie playing in Poker Face S01E07? Already on GitHub? linux linux-kernel kernel-modules Share Improve this question Follow to your account, Location (Korea, USA, China, India, etc.)
rmmod fails with 'module abc is in use' message I rebuild nvidia package withut nvidia_modset file and for my device works fine. kernel mod Nvidia driver kvmkvm I would greatly appreciate your assistance in a new package that resolves the issues I listed above. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 287 Aug 19 15:35 .nvme.o.cmd
rmmod: ERROR: Module nvidia is in use by: nvidia_modeset #699 - GitHub , insmod NULL , ( kerneloops ), OOPS, , , .
Gentoo Forums :: View topic - Unable to rmmod nvidia - Gentoo Linux Syntax: rmmod [-f] [-s] [-v] [modulename] The rmmod command is extremely simple. If you want to remove a module that is being used or not designed to be removed, invoke the command with the -f ( --verbose) option. Get a virtual cloud desktop with the Linux distro that you want in less than five minutes with Shells! By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. CONFIG_MODULE_SIG=y . I cannot unload bus1 module. The nature of simulating nature: A Q&A with IBM Quantum researcher Dr. Jamie We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy.
06-B.5.1: Kernel Module Management - insmod/rmmod Command and kpartx cannot create device mappings because there are not enough (as in, not even a single one) partition devices available.. At this point, however, kpartx did create some mappings connected to, uhm, probably Ancient Beings from beyond spacetime, and because of those the device is in use . [root@ostack1 ~]# modprobe -r openvswitchmodprobe: FATAL: http://watchmen.xin/2018/07/13/IT%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84-,
Warning: Using this option is extremely dangerous as it can cause a system crash. ERROR: Removing 'mod_test': Device or resource busy. Ccat Colorize Cat Command Output command in Linux with Examples. By clicking Sign up for GitHub, you agree to our terms of service and // platform_device_unregister((struct platform_device*)(*(int*)symbol_addr)); //local_set(__module_ref_addr(mod, cpu), 0); /* The rmmod command used to remove Linux kernel modules.
Routinely unable to remove qla2xxx module under CentOS Teams.
Online but No data - Forums - Flightradar24 Forum acknowledge that you have read and understood our, Data Structure & Algorithm Classes (Live), Data Structure & Algorithm-Self Paced(C++/JAVA), Android App Development with Kotlin(Live), Full Stack Development with React & Node JS(Live), GATE CS Original Papers and Official Keys, ISRO CS Original Papers and Official Keys, ISRO CS Syllabus for Scientist/Engineer Exam, SAR command in Linux to monitor system performance, scriptreplay command in Linux with Examples. rmmod: ERROR: Module xclmgmt is not currently loaded. GitHub Bumblebee-Project / Bumblebee Public Fork Closed on Nov 13, 2015 tanriol commented on Nov 13, 2015 on Oct 31, 2016 on Oct 22, 2019 tpgxyz on Sep 24, 2021 Sign up for free to join this conversation on GitHub . By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. rmmod: ERROR: Module module_name is in use by: module_name_2 To display information about what the command is doing, use the -v ( --verbose) option. Can Martian regolith be easily melted with microwaves? Most of the users still use modprobe with the -r option instead of using rmmod. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community. CONFIG_REPLACE_EXIT_FUNCTION , . Most of the users still use modprobe with the -r option instead of using rmmod. You can print a list of all modules loaded on your system with the lsmod command. $ sudo modprobe -r -f isgx modprobe: FATAL: Module isgx is in use. Adding Have a question about this project? librmmod. You signed in with another tab or window. Thanks for contributing an answer to Ask Ubuntu! Ive looked online and no solution helps remotely! Traceback (most recent call last): File "main.py", line 1, in <module> from bs4 import BeautifulSoup ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'bs4'
Egg-walking with qemu-nbd and kpartx - Enrico Zini rmmod: ERROR: Module nvidia is in use by: nvidia_modeset, bbswitch don't handle nvidia-modeset module from 358.16, Bumblebee-Project/bumblebee-ppa#34 (comment), Hard fix for unload nvidia_nomodeset module for bumblebee, NEW MAJOR PATCH FOR FIX bumblebee issue with nvidia_nomodeset, [x11-misc/bumblebee] adding patch for nvidia modeset bug (, Card wont turn off - This PCI device is not a vga device, T440s with kernel >= 3.15 doesn't power off properly (Analysis and possible solution included ! rmmod: ERROR: could not remove module nvidia_uvm: Resource temporarily unavailable. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26507 Aug 19 14:25 fabrics.c The patching of bumblebeed is needed. if there is any nvme device is in use, the nvme module can not be removed. All rights reserved. , LLC. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. I need help! , , insmod, rmmod , , , . -v, --verbose. You may be trying to Remove a module used: [foc@rocky9 ~]$ sudo rmmod fuse rmmod: ERROR: Module fuse is in use. but to no avail (still get the errors above). Run below command to remove cdrom module. rmmod command in Linux system is used to remove a module from the kernel. The rmmod Command. working like a charm In my previous post I use nvidia module (I don't installed nvidia_modeset) and Yes, You can trust this msg. sudo rmmod nvidia Network: Device-1: Intel Centrino Wireless-N 1000 [Condor Peak] driver: iwlwifi Device-2: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet driver: r8169 Device-3: Realtek RTL8188EUS 802.11n Wireless Network Adapter type: USB driver: r8188eu. You have entered an incorrect email address! It turns out it's really modprobe nbd max_part=16, otherwise max_part defaults to, uhm, zero? Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. , exit , none_exit exit. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Ask Ubuntu is a question and answer site for Ubuntu users and developers. Q&A for work. If GPU NVIDIA is ON: In this article, well talk about how to use the rmmod command to remove modules from the Linux Kernel. , , none_exit , . What can a lawyer do if the client wants him to be acquitted of everything despite serious evidence? How did you install the Nvidia driver? Identify those arcade games from a 1983 Brazilian music video, Batch split images vertically in half, sequentially numbering the output files. Possibly the cause of the "ERROR: rmmod: ERROR: Module dvb_usb_rtl28xxu is not currently loaded" error. * */, "The name of module you want do clean or delete\n", "[before] name:%s, state:%d, refcnt:%u\n", "module %s don't have exit function\n", "replace module %s exit function address (%p -=> %p)\n", "=======name : %s, state : %d EXIT=======\n", #MODCFLAGS:=-O2 -Wall -DMODULE -D__KERNEL__ -DLINUX -std=c99, #EXTRA_CFLAGS += $(MODULE_FLAGS) $(CFG_INC) $(CFG_INC), ARMV6V7LDREXSTREXSWP,swpSTREX, cfsschedule_tick. OK, I Understand By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. How to install Podman on CentOS 9 Stream / Fedora? Still I was wondering what is the status of this, looks like nvidia_modeset is something they are introducing to help (?)
next.js - TypeError : premieroctet_next_crud web pack imported module Is the God of a monotheism necessarily omnipotent? none_exit struct moudle, find_module , find_module . Short story taking place on a toroidal planet or moon involving flying. @arafey Is it the patch you are talking about? rmmod sys_delet_module delete_module include/uapi/asm-generic/unistd.h, version 4.11.7, line 336, , ernel/module.c, version 4.11.7, line 936 , try_force_unload kernel/module.c, version 4.11.7, line 874. The use of the RMMOD command is as follows: rmmod [options] module_name1 module_name2. Disconnect between goals and daily tasksIs it me, or the industry? Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Failed to initialize NVML: Driver/library version mismatch Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Exact same issue here on a Asus UX32LN with 840M 2GB and Intel HD graphics (Haswell). Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 96 Aug 19 14:25 re_insmod.sh really? To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Can you write oxidation states with negative Roman numerals? What sort of strategies would a medieval military use against a fantasy giant? Hello I removed the XRT version I had and compiled the current master branch of XRT to try to get rid of the problems I found to run sudo rmmod xocl Then I installed the corresponding rpm file.
Linux Rmmod Command Help and Examples - Computer Hope Linux Kernel PANIC()Soft Panic/Oops OOPS , , kerneloops createoops, init NULL , rmmod: ERROR: Module kerneloops is in use, lsmod | grep kerneloops kerneloops Used 1.
CUDA Error when starting machine post suspension Module unloading, , Nsight Computedoes not have permission to profile. privacy statement. Bulk update symbol size units from mm to map units in rule-based symbology. 0, , 0 . If I blacklist nvidia_modset then this block not works and IF nvidia_modset.ko tarball is present in modules directory, then nvidia gpu using nvidia_modeset instead of nvidia module in operating GPU. Another method would be to forcefully remove it with rmmod -f, but I would not recommend doing so. rmmod Command On modern Linux systems, rmmod is part of kmod, a binary that implements multiple programs used to manage Linux kernel modules. ERROR: Module mod_test is in use.
kmod: rmmod -w fails when the module is used by another module - Debian -- 4.0 , . try_stop_module 0.
In case the driver has been removed, you should reboot, just to make sure. I've tried several methods in other answers including this one but couldn't find a solution. , , , , , ?
Issue with FTDI USB-Serial chip - NVIDIA Developer Forums We need to figure out what works for everyone, and wether this should be on our side or driver side (probably the first one while all the distro update the second one). Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Mellanox Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. If so, how close was it? -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4732 Aug 19 15:35 Module.symvers , 2( LIVE)4, (0), , . I suggest you use a SATA or SAS disk as an operating system. @NerosTie I use Thermal Monitor applet for plasma 5 and if GPU is OFF it's look: How do you ensure that a red herring doesn't violate Chekhov's gun? If you don't need it anymore, you can remove the nvidia driver from your system. Sure, can try it with ABS. rev2023.3.3.43278. 1 Answer Sorted by: 0 Since this module is currently in use by another module, you can't. If you don't need it anymore, you can remove the nvidia driver from your system. cfsschedule_tick, Po_books: https://blog.csdn.net/gatieme/article/details/75108154, Linux Kernel PANIC()Soft Panic/Oops, include/uapi/asm-generic/unistd.h, version 4.11.7, line 336, kernel/module.c, version 4.11.7, line 874. wang1791499553. m.2 intel nvme ssd is used for the operating system. Syntax rmmod [-f] [-w] [-s] [-v] [ modulename ] Options Examples Warning 2.6.32
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1243 Aug 19 15:35 nvme.mod.c My system is a Lenovo ThinkPad W540 running Arch Linux with nvidia-358.16-2.1 but it should work on other hardware, distros, and drivers that also have nvidia_modeset.
How to unload a kernel module which is in use and has a - Linux.org Does a summoned creature play immediately after being summoned by a ready action? I developing a nextjs application and I have decided to use the next-crud library for the API endpoints and Prisma as an ORM. Do new devs get fired if they can't solve a certain bug? in dmesg I have OFC proper status: The first it tells me it wants to disable but the second line tells me it can't? I'm looking for a non-programming method. Copy sent to David Krovich <dkrovich@csee.wvu.edu>. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. force_rmmod none_exit, exit force_replace_exit_module_function . PyCharm error: 'No Module' when trying to import own module (python script), Building a Simple character device but device driver file will not write or read, Error: Cannot find module '/workspace/server.js' upon node js deploy on google app engine, Error: cannot find module vite, react, react-router-dom.
31.4. Unloading a Module - Red Hat Customer Portal Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. This option can be extremely dangerous, so use with extreme caution. Anyways, I'm glad this works for others. The nature of simulating nature: A Q&A with IBM Quantum researcher Dr. Jamie We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. insmodlsmodrmmod. Follow Up: struct sockaddr storage initialization by network format-string, Euler: A baby on his lap, a cat on his back thats how he wrote his immortal works (origin?).